Agarwood essential oil possesses anticancer activity towards MCF-7 breast cancer cells [76] and HCT 116 colorectal carcinoma cells [77,78,79]. β-Caryophyllene, isolated from the essential oil of A. crassna, exhibited selective anti-proliferative effects against colorectal cancer cells (IC50 19 μM) and induced apoptosis via nuclear condensation and fragmentation pathways. Additionally, β-caryophyllene also showed potent inhibition of clonogenicity, migration, invasion, and spheroid formation in colon cancer cells [80]. Additionally, other activity screening results showed that compounds from agarwood exhibited cytotoxic activity [81], whereas compound 88 suppressed tumor promotion at noncytotoxic concentrations [29].
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