Agarwood essential oil has an anti-inflammatory function, significantly reducing the skin thickness, ear weight, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines production in the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorobol-13 acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear inflammation model [71]. The ethanol extract of agarwood also inhibited ear edema induced by xylene, and peritoneal inflammation induced by low concentrative acetic acid in mice [72]. Linalool and the corresponding acetate derivate play a major role in anti-inflammatory activity [73]. An in silico molecular docking study suggests that 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, jinkoh-eremol, and agarospirol were preferentially more active than other identified compounds, with strong binding affinity to major anti-inflammatory receptors [71]. Furthermore, many other activity screening results have shown that compounds from agarwood exhibited a potent inhibitory activity against inflammation. Compounds 34–42, 43, 48–51, 52–56, 58, 61–63, 95, 99, and 145 showed significant inhibition of NO production [22,23,24,25,30,31,43]. Compound 150 showed inhibition activity against polymorphonuclear neutrophil respiratory burst stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [45]. Compounds 81 and 144 exhibited inhibition of superoxide anion generation [27], and inversely, compounds 139–142 exerted enhancing activity on superoxide anion generation [42]. At the same time, compounds 81, 139, and 144 showed potent inhibitory activity on elastase release [27,42]. As we all know, inflammation has a close relationship with other diseases, such as immunopathy, metabolic disorders, and neoplasms, so the anti-inflammatory effect of agarwood, in a certain degree, portends the extensive pharmacological activities of agarwood.
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