Proper soil and land management is crucial for healthy tree growth, high resin yield, and long-term sustainability in agarwood (Aquilaria spp.) plantations. Optimizing soil conditions improves nutrient uptake, water retention, and overall tree resilience against diseases and environmental stress.
Key Goals of Soil & Land Management
✅ Ensure healthy root development for faster tree growth.
✅ Maintain optimal soil moisture & drainage to prevent root rot.
✅ Improve soil fertility & structure for long-term sustainability.
✅ Support resin formation through stress-based soil management.
1️⃣ Soil Selection & Site Preparation
✅ Ideal Soil Conditions for Agarwood
✔ Well-drained loamy or sandy soil with good aeration.
✔ pH range: 5.5–6.5 (slightly acidic to neutral).
✔ Organic matter: ≥2% to improve nutrient availability.
✔ Depth: 40 cm or more for proper root expansion.
Site Preparation Process
Step 1: Conduct soil testing for pH, nutrients, and drainage capacity.
Step 2: Clear unwanted vegetation while preserving beneficial plants for biodiversity.
Step 3: Loosen compacted soil (plowing or tilling up to 30 cm deep).
Step 4: Incorporate organic compost (e.g., cow manure, decomposed leaves) to improve fertility.
Step 5: Establish terraces or raised beds in sloped areas to prevent soil erosion.
2️⃣ Soil Fertility & Organic Enrichment
✅ Nutrient Requirements for Agarwood Growth
Nitrogen (N) – Promotes leaf & shoot growth.
Phosphorus (P) – Strengthens root development.
Potassium (K) – Enhances overall tree resilience.
Calcium (Ca) & Magnesium (Mg) – Improve tree metabolism.
Best Organic Fertilizers & Soil Amendments
✔ Compost & Manure – Increase organic matter & microbial activity.
✔ Bone Meal & Rock Phosphate – Provide slow-release phosphorus.
✔ Wood Ash & Potash Fertilizer – Supply potassium for tree health.
✔ Biochar – Enhances water retention & carbon storage.
✔ Trichoderma & Mycorrhizal Fungi – Promote root growth & disease resistance.
Sustainable Fertilization Schedule
Every 3 months: Apply organic compost (2–5 kg per tree).
Every 6 months: Add rock phosphate & potassium-rich fertilizers.
Annually: Conduct soil testing to adjust fertilizer composition.