Cultivation | Soil & Land | Water & Irrigation | Pruning & Canopy | Pest & Disease
Proper soil and land management is crucial for healthy tree growth, high resin yield, and long-term sustainability in agarwood (Aquilaria spp.) plantations. Optimizing soil conditions improves nutrient uptake, water retention, and overall tree resilience against diseases and environmental stress.
Key Goals of Soil & Land Management
- Ensure healthy root development for faster tree growth.
- Maintain optimal soil moisture & drainage to prevent root rot.
- Improve soil fertility & structure for long-term sustainability.
- Support resin formation through stress-based soil management.
1. Soil Selection & Site Preparation
Ideal Soil Conditions for Agarwood
- Well-drained loamy or sandy soil with good aeration.
- pH range: 5.5–6.5 (slightly acidic to neutral).
- Organic matter: ≥2% to improve nutrient availability.
- Depth: 40 cm or more for proper root expansion.
Site Preparation Process
Step 1: Conduct soil testing for pH, nutrients, and drainage capacity.
Step 2: Clear unwanted vegetation while preserving beneficial plants for biodiversity.
Step 3: Loosen compacted soil (plowing or tilling up to 30 cm deep).
Step 4: Incorporate organic compost (e.g., cow manure, decomposed leaves) to improve fertility.
Step 5: Establish terraces or raised beds in sloped areas to prevent soil erosion.
2. Soil Fertility & Organic Enrichment
Nutrient Requirements for Agarwood Growth
Nitrogen (N) – Promotes leaf & shoot growth.
Phosphorus (P) – Strengthens root development.
Potassium (K) – Enhances overall tree resilience.
Calcium (Ca) & Magnesium (Mg) – Improve tree metabolism.
Best Organic Fertilizers & Soil Amendments
- Compost & Manure – Increase organic matter & microbial activity.
- Bone Meal & Rock Phosphate – Provide slow-release phosphorus.
- Wood Ash & Potash Fertilizer – Supply potassium for tree health.
- Biochar – Enhances water retention & carbon storage.
- Trichoderma & Mycorrhizal Fungi – Promote root growth & disease resistance.
Sustainable Fertilization Schedule
Every 3 months: Apply organic compost (2–5 kg per tree).
Every 6 months: Add rock phosphate & potassium-rich fertilizers.
Annually: Conduct soil testing to adjust fertilizer composition.