This module covers the step-by-step execution of the Supercritical CO₂ Extraction process for agarwood oil. You will learn how to set up the system, optimize key parameters, and extract high-purity oud oil in a controlled environment.
4.1 Setting Up the Supercritical CO₂ Extraction System
Before starting the extraction, ensure all system components are properly set up:
✅ Pre-Extraction System Checklist:
CO₂ Supply & Pressure System: Ensure CO₂ tanks are full and pressurized (100-300 bar).
Extraction Vessel: Load the prepared agarwood material (powder or fine chips).
Heat Exchanger: Set temperature controls to optimal levels (31-50°C).
Separation Chamber: Ensure proper collection of extracted oud oil.
Safety Check: Inspect for leaks, pressure stability, and proper sealing.
Avoid starting the process if there are any system leaks or unstable pressure readings.
4.2 Step-by-Step Supercritical CO₂ Extraction Process
Step 1: Loading Agarwood into the Extraction Vessel
✔ Fill the extraction chamber with ground agarwood (100-300 microns) for optimal extraction.
✔ Ensure the chamber is tightly sealed before pressurization.
Step 2: Pressurizing the System with CO₂
✔ Slowly introduce CO₂ into the system using the compressor and pump.
✔ Monitor pressure until it reaches supercritical conditions (100-300 bar, 31-50°C).
Step 3: Extraction Phase – Oil Dissolution & Separation
✔ Maintain steady temperature and pressure to allow CO₂ to dissolve oud resin.
✔ Let the process run for 1-6 hours, depending on resin content.
✔ CO₂ carries the extracted oil into the separator chamber.
Step 4: Oil Collection & CO₂ Recycling
✔ Reduce pressure in the separator chamber, allowing the oud oil to be collected.
✔ Recycle CO₂ back into the system for cost-efficient extraction.
✔ Transfer extracted oud oil to filtration and purification.
4.3 Optimizing Extraction Parameters for Maximum Yield
| Parameter | Ideal Range | Effect on Extraction |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure | 100 – 300 bar | Higher pressure = better oil solubility |
| Temperature | 31 – 50°C | Higher temp = faster extraction, but risk of aroma loss |
| Extraction Time | 1 – 6 hours | Longer time = more oil yield but diminishing returns |
| CO₂ Flow Rate | Adjusted per batch | Faster flow = quicker extraction, but may reduce oil purity |
Avoid excessive heat, as it can degrade the aromatic compounds in oud oil.
4.4 Post-Extraction Filtration & Purification
After extraction, the oud oil may contain small impurities or excess CO₂. Follow these filtration steps:
✔ Cooling & Settling: Let the oil rest to allow CO₂ evaporation.
✔ Fine Filtration: Pass through micron filters to remove any fine wood particles.
✔ Quality Testing: Check for purity, viscosity, and fragrance profile.
4.5 Common Issues & Troubleshooting
| Issue | Possible Cause | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Low Oil Yield | Insufficient resin content, low pressure | Use higher-pressure settings (200+ bar) |
| Cloudy Oud Oil | Impurities not fully removed | Improve filtration & separation |
| CO₂ Leakage | Loose seals or damaged tubing | Check and tighten system seals |
| Overheating | Temperature too high | Reduce temp to <50°C to preserve aroma |
4.6 Final Product Evaluation & Storage
✅ Color & Consistency: High-quality oud oil should be dark, rich, and aromatic.
✅ Fragrance Testing: The scent should be woody, sweet, and long-lasting.
✅ Storage: Keep in dark glass bottles at cool temperatures to maintain potency.