1.1 What is Supercritical CO₂?
Supercritical CO₂ is carbon dioxide (CO₂) in a special state where it behaves as both a gas and a liquid at the same time. This unique state is achieved when CO₂ is subjected to high pressure (above 73.8 bar) and temperature (above 31.1°C), allowing it to act as a highly efficient solvent for extracting valuable compounds from natural materials like agarwood.
Gas-like properties – Can penetrate deep into agarwood chips
Liquid-like properties – Dissolves and extracts aromatic resins efficiently
Completely natural and non-toxic – Leaves no solvent residues in the final oud oil
1.2 Why Use Supercritical CO₂ for Agarwood Extraction?
✅ Advantages Over Traditional Methods
| Factor | Supercritical CO₂ Extraction | Steam Distillation | Solvent Extraction |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil Purity | ✅ Very High – No chemical residues | ⚠️ Moderate – Some degradation due to heat | ❌ May contain solvent traces |
| Aroma Preservation | ✅ Best – Retains delicate fragrance compounds | ⚠️ Some loss due to heat | ❌ Chemical alteration of scent |
| Yield Efficiency | ✅ High – Selective compound extraction | ⚠️ Moderate | ❌ High, but lower quality |
| Processing Time | ✅ Fast | ❌ Longer due to repeated distillations | ❌ Slow and requires additional refining |
| Environmental Impact | ✅ Eco-friendly, CO₂ is fully recyclable | ❌ High energy consumption | ❌ Toxic solvent waste |
1.3 Applications of Supercritical CO₂ Extraction in the Agarwood Industry
Premium-Grade Oud Oil Production – Produces high-purity oil used in luxury perfumes, aromatherapy, and medicinal applications.
Sustainable Agarwood Processing – Reduces the need for harsh chemicals and excessive wood harvesting.
Investment in High-Value Products – CO₂-extracted agarwood oil is considered top-tier and commands higher market prices.
1.4 Key Process Parameters for Supercritical CO₂ Extraction
To ensure optimal extraction of agarwood oil, several factors must be controlled:
Pressure Range: 100 – 300 bar
Temperature Range: 31°C – 50°C
Extraction Time: 1 – 6 hours (depends on resin content)
CO₂ Flow Rate: Adjusted based on material density
Proper calibration of these parameters ensures high yield, superior aroma, and minimal degradation of the final product.
1.5 Why Invest in Supercritical CO₂ Extraction for Your Agarwood Business?
Higher Profitability – CO₂-extracted oud oil is sold at premium prices in global markets.
Eco-Friendly & Sustainable – Aligns with green business trends and sustainable forestry practices.
Scalability & Efficiency – Can be adapted for small-scale or large-scale agarwood processing.