Microbial Enzyme | Cellulase | Laccase | Xylanase | Pectinase | Peroxidase
Laccase – A Versatile Oxidative Enzyme. Laccase is a multi-copper oxidase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of phenolic and non-phenolic compounds, using molecular oxygen as the electron acceptor. It plays critical roles in lignin degradation, wound response, and oxidative stress regulation in both nature and biotechnology.
Scientific Profile
- Enzyme Classification: EC 1.10.3.2
- Structure: Contains multiple copper ions at its active sites (Type 1, 2, and 3 Cu centers)
- Source:
- Fungi (e.g., Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus)
- Plants (e.g., Arabidopsis, Cotton, and Aquilaria spp.)
- Bacteria (e.g., Bacillus, Streptomyces)
Role in Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis)
Laccase is crucial in resin formation in agarwood trees.
1. Natural Resin Induction
- In wounded or infected Aquilaria trees, laccase activity increases.
- It oxidizes phenolic precursors, facilitating polymerization into dark-colored resinous compounds.
- Works in conjunction with peroxidases and oxidative stress signals.
2. Synthetic Inoculation
- May be added as a co-factor or enhancer in BarIno™ inoculant series to accelerate lignin breakdown and trigger resin biosynthesis.
- Boosts host defense and wound response pathways.
Biotechnological Applications
| Industry | Use of Laccase |
|---|---|
| Forestry & Agriculture | Resin induction, lignin breakdown |
| Textile | Dye degradation and bleaching |
| Pulp & Paper | Lignin removal (biobleaching) |
| Bioremediation | Degradation of phenolic pollutants |
| Pharmaceutical | Biosynthesis of complex aromatic compounds |
Enzyme Characteristics
| Feature | Value |
|---|---|
| Optimal pH | 4.5–6.5 (fungal) |
| Optimal Temp. | 25–55°C |
| Cofactor | Copper (Cu²⁺) |
| Activity Assay | Oxidation of ABTS or syringaldazine |
Inoculant Enhancement Strategy (Optional)
For agarwood resin induction:
- Pre-mix laccase enzyme (0.1–1 U/mL) with fungal inoculant or abiotic formulation.
- Apply directly into drilled holes in Aquilaria trunks.
- Acts synergistically with salicylic acid, FeCl₃, or Fusarium oxysporum.
Summary Table
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Function | Oxidizes phenols → resin precursors |
| Role in Aquilaria | Enhances lignin degradation and oleoresin polymerization |
| Sources | White-rot fungi, Aquilaria trees |
| Commercial Use | Biobleaching, bio-dyes, wood decay control, inoculants |