Chemical Induction | SignalResin™ | SignalResin™ Formulation | SignalResin™ Development | SignalResin™ Profile
Resin Development Timeline — Salicylic Acid (SA) Inoculant
Induction Strategy: Hormonal signaling mimicry (biotic stress simulation)
Mode of Action: Triggers Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) and phenolic pathway activation, leading to resin biosynthesis.
Day 0: Inoculation
- Salicylic acid solution (0.1%–0.5% w/v) is injected into boreholes.
- Tree perceives SA as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP).
- Initiates ROS burst and defensive gene expression.
Week 1: SAR Activation
- Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) pathways switch on.
- Localized cell death (programmed) may begin.
- Upregulation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidases, and lignin precursors.
Week 2–3: Early Resin Biosynthesis
- Phenolic and lignin-rich compounds begin to accumulate in xylem tissues.
- Initial aroma faint but detectable; resin zones appear light brown or amber.
- Resin production remains localized around boreholes.
Month 1–2: Resin Maturation Phase I
- Intensified resin formation and wood darkening at stress zones.
- Aroma becomes spicy to woody, depending on age and tree species.
- Transverse sectioning may reveal dense streaks or spots of resin.
Month 3–4: Resin Expansion
- Resin extends radially and vertically.
- Aroma profile improves (woody-sweet or medicinal, depending on tree age).
- Darkening of core wood intensifies.
Month 5–6+: Resin Maturity
- Resin formation stabilizes; blackish or deep brown agarwood develops.
- Aroma components such as jinkohol, benzylacetone, agarol may increase.
- Good timing for sampling or partial harvest.
Summary Table
| Time Frame | Key Events | Resin Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Day 0 | SA injection, defense signaling begins | No visible change |
| Week 1 | SAR and ROS pathway activation | Minor browning |
| Week 2–3 | Resin biosynthesis starts | Amber zones, light aroma |
| Month 1–2 | Resin accumulates and darkens | Woody-spicy scent |
| Month 3–4 | Resin spreads, aroma intensifies | Dense streaks, dark brown |
| Month 5–6+ | Peak maturity in stress zones | Blackish resin, strong fragrance |
Key Notes on SA Use
- Optimal Concentration: 0.1–0.5% w/v (Higher concentrations may cause phytotoxicity.)
- Tree Age Requirement: 4 years or older for reliable results
- Synergistic Use: Often paired with microbes or MnO₂ for stronger response
- Mode: Not necrotic but signal-based induction, so slower than chemical necrosis but gentler and more sustainable