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Resin Development Timeline for Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂) used as an agarwood inoculant in Aquilaria spp.:
Hydrogen Peroxide Inoculant
Resin Development Timeline
Stress Type: Oxidative / Abiotic Necrosis
Day 0 (Inoculation)
- Boreholes are injected with 3–5 mL of 5–10% H₂O₂ solution.
- Immediate foaming and bubbling may occur, indicating oxidative reaction with living tissues.
Week 1
- Cell death and tissue necrosis around borehole perimeter.
- Browning begins at the injection site as phenolic oxidation starts.
- Wound signaling pathways (e.g., jasmonic acid, salicylic acid) are activated.
Week 2–3
- Initial formation of light brown resin streaks around the injection point.
- Localized production of resin-like exudates may be visible if tree is healthy.
- Slight aroma detectable around the wound.
Month 1–2
- Resin polymerizes and darkens to reddish-brown or deep brown.
- Expansion of resin zone in vertical and radial directions, limited to a few cm.
- Depending on tree age and health, resin content begins to stabilize.
Month 3–4
- Resin continues to mature; becomes more aromatic and resinous in texture.
- Color deepens to dark brown or black in high-phenol zones.
- Wound perimeter solidifies and resists fungal invasion if the stress was well-managed.
Month 5–6+
- Resin maturation is evident with:
- Hard, black agarwood forming around boreholes
- Enhanced sweet–woody scent typical of low-grade to mid-grade agarwood
- Maximum resinification zone: 3–6 cm diameter per wound (depending on dose and tree)
Key Notes
| Factor | Effect on Resin Formation |
|---|---|
| H₂O₂ Concentration | >10% causes excessive necrosis (risk of decay) |
| Tree Age | Older trees (≥6 yrs) produce denser resin zones |
| Moisture Stress | Moderate stress improves yield post-inoculation |
| Application Method | Wick/slow-release leads to longer resin trails |
Summary
| Time Point | Observable Changes |
|---|---|
| Day 1–2 | Bubbling, cell oxidation, wound necrosis |
| Week 2 | Browning, light resin begins |
| Month 2 | Medium-brown aromatic resin zone develops |
| Month 4 | Darkening resin, woody scent intensifies |
| Month 6+ | Mature agarwood pockets formed |